Extrusion press



Dec. 10, 1935. 1 H FR|DEN r2,023,879

t EXTRUS ION PRESS Filed Jan. 9, 1933 11 Sheets-Sheet'l is ATTORNEY- 10,1935. A H, FRlDEN I. 2,023,879

EXTRUSIN PRESS Filed Jan. 9, 1933 ll Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR- ,.I Jhn11E-dn HIS ATTORNEY- Dec. 10, 1935. J. H, FRlDEN 2,023,879

` EXTRUSION PRESS Filed Jan. 9, 1933 ll Sheets-Sheet 3 HIS ATTORNEY- 10,1935. J. H. FRIDEN 'EXTRUSoN `PRESS Filed Jan. 9, 1953 ll' Sheets-Sheet4 ms ATTORNEY- J. H. FRIDEN EXTRUSION PRESS 1l Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Jan.9, 1933 INVENTOR- Jblmidn 72' Hrs AT TQRNEY- Dec. 10, 1935. v -1H-YFR|DEN 2,023,879

ExTRUsIoN PRESS v Filed Jan. 9, 1933 ll Sheets-Sheet 6 A A 1z0 f k gli:

w, 116 145 Sil mi il V I! l 305% .1.Y H. FRIDEN EXTRUS ION PRESS Dec.1o, 1935.

l1 Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed Jan. 9, 1955 JJ-- GSF 7 11.,... l \.\7- \\7 .M jau w fm i.| ww.lwllv M f E y irl Dec. l0, 1935. J. H. FRIDEN 2,623,879

EXTRUSION PRESS Fild Jan. 9, 1933 11 sheets-sheet 8 INVENTOR- msA'rroRNEY- l Dec. l0, 1935. J. H. FRIDEN 2,023,879

EXTRUsIoN PRESS Filed Jan. 9, 1933 11 Sheets-Sheet 9 NVENTOR 70h11 Dec.l0, 1935. J. H. FRIDEN EXTRUSION PRESS Filed Jan. 9, 1933 11Sheets-Sheet l0 INVENTOR Jhn HF-idn 7 A-ITORNEY 7 Dc. 1o, 1935. J

H. FRIDEN EXTRUS ION PRES S Filed Jan. 9, 1933 pos/flo.

l1 Sheets-Sheet l1 INVENTOR Jolnz [ffii Jn,

' H15 ATTORNEY Patented Dec. 1o, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICEEx'rusloN mess RElSSUED MAR 5 1940 Application January 9,v 1933, SerialNo. 650,850

19 Claims.

5l is particularly suited to the production of tubes of the type nowcommonly employed in the packaging of tooth paste and similar creamy orpasty material or jellied substances.

An important feature of the invention is the elimination of heavyreciprocating parts and the provision of improved feeding, pressureproducing, and ejecting mechanisms which enable more rapid operation ofthe press. These mechanisms are so constructed and coordinated that agreater portion of the operating cycle of the machine is available forthe extrusion of the tube. This enables the speeding up of the operationas a whole since it is the time required for extrusion that is thelimiting factor in "the speed of operation of the machine. If an attemptis made to apply the pressure too rapidly to the slug from which thetube is extruded there will be a tendency to produce irregularities inthe tube duc to the fact that the metal will not flow uniformly at highspeeds. Furthermore, greater power is required to produce the rapid flowof the metal and a more sturdy and expensive construction would benecessitated.

By the present improvements, however, a desirable extrusion period ispermitted even though the machine as a whole is speeded up to a 'rateconsiderably above the maximum of machines heretofore employed for thepurpose. In the specific, illustrative form of machine disclosed in thepresent case an extrusion period occupying 66 of the cycle is broughtabout, whereas in prior machines it has been possible to employ onlyabout of the cycle for extrusion purposes. An ordinary tooth paste tubeabout six inches long may be extruded from a slug of tin in a certainfraction of a second Without danger of producing defects. This meansthat prior machines mayzbeoperated at onlya limited R. l?. M. whilemachines embodying the present improvements may bev safely operated at aconsiderably l:greater R. P. M.

relation between the various portions of the ma- The nature of theimprovements and the .interchine maybe more readily understood from abrief outline of an illustrative construction. The machine is providedwith a sturdy frame of suitable iorm which may be considerably lighterthan the frames of prior machines intended for the same duty. Variousoperating connections are provided from a power source, as from a pulleyadapted to be driven from a. line shaft, to the several moving parts oithe machine. An eccentric carried by the main shaft operates a toggle toone arm of which is connected the punch forming the male member of thepress. 5 During the initial downward movement of the punch it is rockedfrom an outwardly angled position to a strictly vertical position. Itspoint is then presented directly over a circular slug of tin or similarmetal held within a female die. 10 Continued downward movement of thepunch sets up the necessary pressure to cause the metal to form a tubehaving a thin wall surrounding the punch.

Special provision is made for avoiding the 15 puncturing of the portiono' the metal forming the end of the tube. This will be explained indetail later. As the punch is withdrawn from the die, a valve at the endof the punch is opened by a slight relative movement between the tube 20and the main body of the punch. Subsequently the tube is knocked freefrom the die so that the tube and punch will then be lifted together.After the punch has been completely disengaged from the die the punch isrocked outwardly through an angle of about to its original position. Asthe punch approaches its original position asecond valve is opened upand air, or some other suitable gaseous medium, is forced through thepunch into the closed end of the 30 tube, with the result that thelatter is blown off the punch. If desired, the vgaseous medium employedmay be a suitable cleaning gas for removing any slight oil nlm which maybe present on the interior surface of the tube. To avoid damaging therather fragile tube it is thrown against a padded arm which is moved inthe same direction as the tube, but at a slightly slower speed, at thetime that it is ystruck by the tube. The extruded tube is then depositedon a conveyor and transported to the next stage in its manufacture intoa finished article.

The cycle just explained is continuously repeated, each tube requiringbut a single rotation of the main shaft. An eiective feeding means isprovided for introducing a new slug into the die upon each cycle ofoperation. A hopper of improved construction is adapted to retain alarge supply of slugs and suitable mechanism, requiring a minimum amountof power, serves to transfer the slugs to the feeding means. Thismechanism is suflicient, reliable and positive in its action so that thepresence cfa slug in the die as the .punch is brought into it issubstantially assured,

The machine is made exceedingly flexible, by

extrusion of tubes of different sizes and may be adjusted to compensatefor wear ofl the parts.v

With this general outline of the construction and operation of amachine'embodying the various features of the invention a detaileddescription of this illustrative machine will now be givenA inconjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a machine embodying the invention.

Figure 2 is a front elevation of the machine.

Figure 3 is a rear elevation of the machine.

Figure 4 is a central vertical section through the machine taken alongthe line 4-4 of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a horizontal section through the machine taken along theline 5-5 of Figure 2.

Figure 6 is a vertical section through the hopper and associated portionof the machine taken along the line 6 -6 of Figure 3.

Figure 7 is an enlarged view of a portion of Figure 6 showing certainoperating parts in a shifted position.

Figure 8 is an enlarged 'vertical section along the line 8 8 of Figure 6showing a detail of the construction.

Figure 9 is a horizontal section along the line J"-9 of Figure 8. I

Figure 10 is an enlarged vertical section taken along the same line as'Figure 4 but showing only a portion of the mechanism and in greaterdetail. the parts being shifted. r

Figure 11 is a detail view showing the end of the punch largely inlongitudinal section.=

Figures l2, 13, 14, l5 and 16 are detail views in central sectionthrough the die showing the punch and other parts in elevation, thevarious views disclosing the relation of the parts at various stages ina cycle of operation.

Figure 17 is a detail view disclosing the end of the punch and theextruded tube, the tube v.being shown as partly separated from thepunch, and

Figure 18 is a diagram indicating the timing of various functionsperformed during a cycle of operation.

Punch construction and operating mechanism Referring now to Figures l,2, 4 and 5, the machine embodying the improvements of the presentinvention may comprise a main frame I0 of any suitable form andsufliciently sturdy to withstand the rather hard usage of a punch press.It need not, however, be of as heavy 'construction as is commonlyemployed in machines of this type due to the fact that the eliminationof heavy reciprocating parts has, at the same time, eliminated a largeportion of the strain. Near the`top of the' frame there isv horizontallydisposed a shaft II which extends across the,` frame and at one endcarries a pulley I2. This ried by a shaft I8. About half way betweentheV sides of the frame`the shaft I6 is provided with aneccentric'portion I1 which receives the lower end of a connecting rodI8. At its upper end the connecting rod is pivotally attached to a`rockableframe 28 pivotally connected at 2I to a v the head 26.

. the caps 3|'.

goal/imo block 22 carried by the main frame I8. 'I'he rockable frame 2liforms one arm of a toggle. lt is connected by a toggle joint 23 to aheavy link 24 pivotally attached at 25 to a slidable head 26. The head28 is mounted for vertical movement vbetween guides 21 integral orotherwise seend of a punch 33 which is held securely in place by meansof a setscrew 34. 'I'his construction is such that the punch may bereadily replaced, whenever desired. by a punch of different size or by anew punch of the same type. At the end of one of the trunnions 29 thereis formed a series of gear teeth 35 adapted to mesh with the teeth of asegment 36 pivotally supported at 3l upon jthe head 26. 'I'he gearsegment has an outwardly extending arm 38 pivotally connected with aforked portion 38 of a vertically disposed rod 40. This rod is retainedand guided for vertical movement by means of a bracket 4I, secured tothe I main frame, and a bracket 42 secured to the block 22. A spring 43surrounding the rod is con- `fined between the bracket 4I and a collar44 adjustably carried by the rod. It will be apparent that the spring 43normally urges the rod upwardly until a collar 45 adjustably mounted onthe rod is brought into engagement with the bracket 42. The collars 44and 45 have screwthreaded engagement with the rod and are independentlyadjustable. By proper adjustment of the collar 44, the tension of thespring 43 may be varied while adjustment of the collar 45 will permitvariation in the upward movement of the rod 40.

The operation of the punch is as follows: Upon rotation of the shaft I6,the `:rank portion Il will draw the connecting rod I8 downwardly,thereby rocking the frame' 2l and straightening the toggle. This willcause a downward movement of i held stationary while the pivot 3I-'ofthe segment F `will be shifted downwardly with the head. This will causethe punch holder to rotate until the punch 33 is vertically disposed. Atthis time furvented by the'engagement of the downwardly extendingportion of the holder with a surface on Continued downward movement ofthe head. therefore. will cause the rod 48 to be shifted downwardly.thereby compressing the spring 43 still further. Upon the returnmovement of the head the punch 33 will be held vertically disposed bythe spring 43 until the collar 45 engages the bracket 42. This willarrest the upward movement of the point of pivotal connection betweenthe arm 38 and the rod 40. The

During the first portion of the 26, to vary the upper and lower limitsof the travel onthe punch, the block 22 may be adjusted upwardly ordownwardly, as desired. For this purpose it is simply necessaryto loosenclamping bolts 46 which clamp the yblock 22 to the main frame and thenturn a handwheel 41. This handwheel is connected with a shaft having ascrew-threaded portion 48 at its inner end cooperating withan upwardextension of a wedge member 49. By turning the handwheel 41 the wedgemay be forced into or moved outwardly from the tapered space between theframe l and the top of the block 22. When the block has been properlyadjusted, the bolts 46 may again be tightened.

Die and knockout pin construction Referring now particularly to Figure12, it will be noted that when the punch 33 is moved downwardly after ithas been rocked into vertical position, it is forced against the centerof a slug 50 which has been previously deposited, as will later beexplained, in a recess in a die This die is carried by a die-holder 52mounted within a cup-shaped portion of a block 53 (Figure 4) secured inany suitable way to the body of the machine. Directly in line with thenose of the punch 33 there is provided in a recess in the die 5I aslidable pin 54 which may be designated a knockout pin. This pinsupports the central portion of the slug 50 at the time the punch isbrought into engagement with the slug. The pin in turn is supported by aslidable member or rod formed into two sections, the upper sectionextending upwardly through an opening in the block 53. The

' lower section 55 of this member is guided for vertical movement by thewall of an opening in a sleeve 51. The lower end of the section 55 restsupon the upper end of a rod 55, which may be designated a knockout rod.This rod is also slidably mounted in the opening in the sleeve 51, Atits lower end (Figures 4 and l0) it carries a screwthreaded portion 59engaged with a socket formed at the upper end of a forked member 50,which is pivotally connected at El with a lever 52. The latter ispivoted at about its mid point, as at 53, upon a bracket secured to themain frame.

At its opposite end the lever is pivotally con` nectecl at 54 to a yoke65 secured to the lower end of a vertically disposed rod 65. This rod(Figure l) at its upper end is pivotally connected to an arm 51 securedto a rockable shaft or stud G8. A pair of arms 5B and 1@ is also securedto this shaft, these arms carrying rollers l! and 12, respectively,cooperating with a pair of cams 13 and 1d. These cams are substantiallycomplemental so as to positively. rock the shaft or stud 58 in bothdirections and consequently raise and lower the rod 56. The arrangementand form of the camsis such, however, that at times the rod t6 may bemoved under the control of means other than the cams. For example theroller 1| is adapted to drop 'oif of the high part of the cam 13somewhat before a rise in the cam 14 engages the roller 12 topositivelyrock the arm 1B. It is at this time that the punch engages theslug and vtransmits its force to :the pin 54 which in turn causesthe rod65 tobe lifted through lthe action of the lever 62. Upwardmovement ofthe rod 65 will be yieldingly resisted atthis time by means 'of a spring15. This spring surrounds the rod 'and abuts atone end against anadjustable nut '16,at the lower endof the rod,.-and at its upper endagainst a bracket 11 secured to the main frame. The spring 15 will tendto maintain the roller 12 in engagement with the cam 14 but its actionwill be overcome by the force applied by the punch. Subsequently a highpoint on the cam 'I4 is broughtopposite roller 12 to hold the rod 66elevated, independently of the force received from 5 the punch. Theconstruction is such, therefore, that the pin 54 will lend some supportto the central portion of the slug 50 as the downward pressure of thepunch is applied but this support will be a yielding one depending uponthe strength of the spring 15. The provision of this yielding orretreating support by means of the pin 54 is quite important, as withoutit there is danger that the punch will completely pierce Ithe center ofthe slug and thus interfere with the re- 15 moval of the extruded tubein the manner to be explained.. When the pin 54 has receded to just theproper extent into the recess in the die 5|, a shoulder 18 on theintermediate member 55 will engage the upper end of the sleeve 51. This,20 then, will determine the final extent of separation between the noseof the punch and the bottom of the die, formed by the Iupper end of thepin 54. The timing of the cams 13 and 14 is such that the pin 54 will beplaced under the yielding 25 resistance of spring 15 before the punchengages the slug, regardless of the particular adjustment of the block22 by wheel 41. It will be apparent that cam 14 will prevent the pin 54from rising too far in the die under the action of spring 15. As will beexplained later, the pin 54 in addition to providing a yielding support,in the manner explained, serves to aid in properly removing the tubefrom the die by the operation of the cams 13 and 14.

In Figure 10 there is shown in detail means for adjusting the sleeve 51so as to vary the extent of downward movement of the pin before theshoulder 18 engages the upper end of the sleeve. For this purpose thesleeve is provided with externa] screw threads in engagement withthreads 'i9 carried by a portion of thc bed of the Inachine. The lowerend of the sleve 51 has an enlarged portion 8B carrying a series of pins5i, two or more as desired, which pass through corresponding openings ina gear 82 mounted upon the lower end of the sleeve 5l. The gear 82meshes with a pinion 83 secured to a shaft 54 having suitable bearingsin the main frame and carrying a bevelled pinion S35 at its lower end.This in turn meshes with the bevelled pinion 86 at the inner end of ashaft 81 which carries a handwheel 88 at its outer end. It will beapparent that upon rotation of the handwheel the gear 82 and sleeve 51will be rotated.

By virtue of the screw threads on this sleeve it will be either elevatedor lowered, as desired, according to the direction of rotation. Pinion83 is provided with a broadface so as to permit the desired relativesliding movement between this G0 pinion and the gear 82. In order thatthe rod 58 will be rotated with the gear 82." The threaded end 59 of therod will accordingly enter or be withdrawn from the socket in thevmember 60. The relation betweeny the threadSrSS-and those on the sleeve51 is suchhat the rod'58 and the pin 54 will be maintained in the` samelongitudinal relation at all times. The extent of movement of theknockout pin and the knockout rod will always be the same but the pointsbetween which this movement takes place may be varied to suit theparticular requirements. It will be apparent that by appropriatelyadjusting the eld of movement of the punch, byvmeans of hand-wheel l1,and simultaneously adjusting theupper and lower limits of movement ofthe pin 54, by means of handwheel 00, the length of the neck formed onthe tube may be suitably Y varied. Thus to produce a relatively longneck the block 22 will be lowered and the sleeve 51 will becorrespondingly lowered.

Tube removal Suitable means are provided for removing the extruded tubefrom the punch after the tube has been formed. For this purpose gasunder `pressure is passed through the punch into the tube to blow itolf. It is for this reason that it becomes quite desirable that the endof the tube should be imperforate. Obviously. if the punch operated tocompletely puncture the end of the tube neck. it would not-be possibleto efficiently remove the tube by simple gas pressure. Even shouldsuicient air be used to overcome the leakage which might occur at theend of the tube, when periora ted, there would be a certain lack ofuniformity in the removal of the tube. It is important in the high speedoperations contemplated by the present invention that the tube should beremoved in the same brief time interval at all times. This result isaccomplished by the present construction.

Referring now particularly to Figures 2, 4, 5 and 11, a, gas line isprovided from any suitable gas pressure source. An elbow 9| serves toconnect the line 90 with a flexible hose 02 which at its opposite end isconnected with an opening into one of the trunnions 29 of the punchholder. A passage $3 is provided through the trunnlon to substantiallythe center of the punch holder.

This passage is in communication with a similar passage 04 through thecenter of the punch. At its lower end the passage 94 is flared outwardlyas indicated at (Figure 11), and is normally closed by a valve 96. Thestem of this valve is slotted or grooved, as at 91, to provide ashoulder cooperating with a pin 90 to limit the outward movement of thevalve. As shown, the end portion 99 of the punch is preferably madeseparable from the main body of the punch so that it may be formed ofharder material, more readily suited to the punching operation. Thedetachable end has a shank adapted to enter a recess in the main body of-the punch and is adapted to be held in position by means of a set-screw|00.

A valve |0| is also provided in the gas line 90 for controlling thedischarge of gas into the tube. The stem |02 of this valve is adapted tobe engaged by a set-screw |03 carried by a member |04 secured to theface of the'head 20. This ensagementV causes the valve to be openedwhenever the head is in its upper position. At this time, the valve 06being also open. gas will be blown through the punch to remove the tube.Valve 96 will have been opened upon the initial upward movement of thepunch. during the preceding cycle of operation, as illustrated in Figure15. The nose of the punch at the end of the valve will be frictionallyheld by the metal of the tube. which is wedged tightly between this noseand the wall of the die. This friction is greater than that between thesides of the tube and the main surface of the punch. Therefore. as thepunch starts its upward movement, the

tube will remain in the die and the valve 96 will stick in the tube.This serves not only to open the valve 96 but also to loosen the tubeupon the punch proper so as to prepare it for the subsequent blowingoperation. I'his initial upward movement of the punch also causes aslight separation between the lower end of the valve and the closed endof the tube, as shown in Figures l5 and 16. so that air will be admittedinto the neck of the tube. If the friction between the tube neck and thedie is not great enough for this purpose, it may readily be increased toany extent desired by providing small ridges in the side wall of the dieinto which a portion of the metal of the neck may be extruded to aninfinitesimal extent. As will be later pointed out, the knockout pin 54is operated after the slight movement mentioned between the tube and thepunch so as to positively force the tube out of the die and cause it tofollow along with the punch, duing the remaining upward movement of thelatter.

The tubes produced by the process'of extrusion will ordinarily haverelatively thin walls and will, therefore, be quite fragile. It isaccordingly neef essary to provide suitable means for preventingdestruction of the tube as it is blown from the punch. For this purposea target or arm |05 carrying a padded surface is placed in the path ofthe tube. This target may, forexample, be covered with a sheet of felt,leather, rubber, or other soft material. It is carried by an arm |06secured to a shaft |01. This shaft, as will be explained, is rocked insynchronism with the movement of the tube, as it is blown from the ypunch, so that when the tube strikes the target, the latter will bereceding and the force of the blow will, consequently be very materiallyreduced. For the purpose of rocking the shaft |01 at the appropriatetime, an arm |08 is connected to its outer end and this in turnsupports, at its free end, a vertically extending rod |09. The upper endof this rod is reduced and is passed through an opening in the bar |04.The reduced portion of the rod is screw-threaded to receive a pair ofadjustable nuts ||0 which rest upon the upper surface of the bar |04.These nuts may be adjusted to appropriately time the movement of thetarget |05. It will be apparent that normally the head 26, when in itsupper position, will hold the target |05 in the position in- When thetube is blown from the punch, it entersV a channel cut into the frame ofthe machine. To further avoid danger of injury to the tube, the inclinedsurface of the channel may be covered by a pad ||2 of any suit-ablematerial. As the tube strikes the target |05, the'two will traveltogether through a small arc and the tube will then be deposited upon atravelling conveyor III. This conveyor may be driven in any suitableway. As shown in Figure 1, it may be driven from the shaft Il by meansof chains ||4 and ||`5 and a series of suitably located sprockets.

Hopper and slug feeding mechanism Means lare provided for automaticallyfeeding 75 vshown in Figures 3 to a slug into the die upon each cycle ofoperation of the machine. The mechanism employed for this purpose isentirely automaticv and is so constructed and operated as to assure thepresence of a slug upon each downward movement of the punch after themachine has once been placed into operation. 'Ihe slug feeding devicesare best 9 inclusive. A hopper IIE is provided to receive a suitablesupply of slugs capable of taking care of the requirements of themachine over a considerable period. Associated with this hopper is anauxiliary hopper or container ||1 into which the slugs are fed, from themain hopper. A gate ||8, which may be adjusted to provide an opening ofany suitable size, controls the flow of the slugs by gravity from themain hopper to the auxiliary container. The appropriate adjustment ofthe gate will depend' to a certain extent upon the size of the slugsbeing used. The bottom of the main hopper is inclined at an angle ofabout 30 to the horizontal so that the slugs will descend in suitablenumbers into .the container If desired, a portion ||9 of the bottom ofthe main hopper may be pivotally connected, as at |20, to provide adischarge opening through which the contents of the hopper may bequickly removed when occasion requires, as when a change is to be madein the size of tube produced. Thispivoted section is preferably directlyin line with the gate ||8 and auxiliary container ||1 and it is held inclosed position by means of a ylatch plate |2| pivotally fastened to thebottom of the hopper by a bolt |22. The bottom of the auxiliary hopperis also inclined at about 30 and is adapted to discharge the slugs intoanarrow, vertically extending passage |23. A curved surface |24 of ratherlarge radius is provided between the bottom of the auxiliary receptacleand the outer wall of the passage |23 to insure easy sliding of theslugs into the vertical passage. .Within this pas-f sage there ismounted a slide |25 which extends completely across the passage and isadapted to be shifted from the position shown in Figure '1 to that shownin Figures 6 and 8. The rear portion of the upper edge of the slide isextended a slight distance above the forward portion of this edge, asindicated at |25,- and the upper edge of this extension is preferablyrounded in the manner shown. This arrangement is such that the slugs indropping into the passage |23 will fall between the extension |26 andthe inner vertical wall |21 of the auxiliary hopper ||1 and passage |23.This serves to retain at the upper end of the slide |25 one or moreslugs in a row which' may have fallen into the passage |23. Thereforepasthe slide is elevated, these slugs will be carried up to the positionshown in Figure 8.

Suitable means may be provided to retain and guide the slide in itsvertical.' reciprocating movements, which are impartedlin' the mannernow 'to be explained. The slide is formed with a downward extension |28which is adapted to be connected with ayertically extending rod |29.V

The connection for this purpose comprises a split collar |30 surroundingthe rod and adapted to be clamped thereto by a screw |3|. A stud |32which passes through an opening in the lower end of the extension 201sreceived by a recess in the member |30. The stud |32 preferably has anenlarged head |33 by which it may be readily grasped and removed. Whenin position within the member |30 it may held against accidental removalby means of a transversely extending pin thelower end of its prevent oneor |34 which fits into aligned, complementary grooves in the stud |32and in the member |30. By this arrangement the slide |25 may be veryquickly disconnected from the rod |29 should it be necessary ordesirable to do so as the result 5 of jamming of the slugs or for anyother reason. Reciprocation of the rod |29 is effected in the followingmanner: A bell crank |35 pivoted at |36 to a suitable portion of theframe carries a roller |31, on one arm, cooperating with a cam |38. Theother arm of the bell crank is provided with a cylindrical or roundedend adapted to cooperate with a similarly curved seat -in a membercarried within a slot or groove inak portion of the rod |29.Vv Themember |40 is preferably formed of wear-resisting material and may beksuitably retained within the slot in the rod. It will be apparent thatupon the rotation of the cam |38, the bell crank |35 will be rocked andwilllcause a corresponding 2o reciprocation of the rod |29. p Ifdesired, a spring may be provided to hold the roller |31 against thecam. However, the weight of the rod and connected parts will generallybeysumcient for this purpose so that a spring will normally not 25 berequired. Cam |38 is rotated by suitable connections from the shaft il.These connections include gearing |4| between the cam and a shaft |42,while the outer end of this shaft carries a gear |43 adapted to meshwith a gear |44 secured 30 to the shaft By the'provision of the main andauxiliary hoppers, in the manner explained, it is possible to maintain alarge supply of slugs to be fed automatically into the machine and atthe same time provide for a relatively short stroke 35 of the slide |25to elevate a series of slugs from the bottom to the top of the hopper.In the arrangement shown, the stroke of the slide may be limited to 4 or5 inches. On the otherl hand if the slide were placed directly withinthe main 40 hopper, of satisfactory size, it would be necessary to giveit a stroke of between one and two feet. This reduction inthe stroke notonly saves time, which is itself a great economy, but also cuts down onthe amount of work required to reciprocate the slide. At the upper endof the wall |21 of the auxiliary container there is pivotally mounted aninclined plate |45 which extends over the upper end of the slide |25.This -pivoted plate is urged by a spring |46 into the position shown inFigure 6. It will be apparent that if one or more slugs should becarried upwardly above ther row of slugs indicated in Figure 8, theseextra slugs will be cammed back into the auxiliary receptacle by meansof the plate |45. I n order that this plate will not interfere with freeaccess into the lauxiliary container from above at times when themachine is at` rest, and to assist in dislodging slugs which may becomecaught, provision is made for rocking or tilting the plate back from thedotted line position to the full line position shown in Figure '7 andsubsequently permitting the plate to be restored by the spring |46. Forthis purpose an arm |41 is secured to 5 the plate and is adapted to beengaged by the lower of a pair of guides |48 on the rod |29 retainingthe member |40. As this rod reaches travel, the projection |43 70engages the arm and rocks the plate into the full line position shown inFigure '1. To further more slugs from being carried up above those slugsproperly positioned in the plate |25, and

to prevent any such slugs from .l5 -f lil being accidentally thrown outof the auixuary receptacle, a rotating brush |49 is provided above thelower corner of `the plate |45. This brush is mounted upon a shaft |50which is constantly rotated by a connection from -the shaft comprising agear |5| meshing with the train of gearing |4|. The brush is carried bya bracket |52 having anr elongated slot by which it may be adjustablymounted upon the frame.

It will be apparent from an inspection of Figure 8 that upon each upwardmovement of the slide.|25 as many as eight slugs may be properly caughtbehind the extensionI |26 and carried into a position in which they willroll freely into an elbow |53. Upon some reciprocations of the slide, itmay be that none of the slugs will be properly caught and hence nonewill be brought into proper position for discharge into the elbow |53.On other operations any number I of slugs, between l and 8, may beproperly lifted,

depending upon the way in which they happen to fall in the auxiliaryreceptacle. It will be found that by the provision for a maximum ofeight slugs, an ample supply will be discharged into the elbow |53 totake care of the requirements of the machine. In the machine illustratedthe gearing is such that the operations of the slide |25 are lessfrequent than the cycles of the punch. Obviously this relationmay bevaried to suit the operating conditions and to insure an ample supply ofthe slugs at the die. If more slugs are carried up than can be led awaythrough the elbow |53, they will simply be retained on the slide |25 andwill reciprocate with the latter until ample room is provided in theelbow |53 and the associated delivery tube |54. This tube, as best shownin Figure 4. is curved through an arc of about 90 degrees and serves todeliver the slugs in horizontal position into a cylindrical holder |55.This holder is adapted to retain a small number of slugs, ap-

roximatel l0. p From thl bottom of the ,stack of slugs within thecylinder |55, each is fed successively into the recess in the die. Thefeeding mechanism provided for this purpose is operated by suitableconnectionsr from the shaft I6. An eccentric pin |56 carried by a discsecured to the shaft I6 is received by a strap |51. This strap isconnected by an extensible link or rod |56 with a smaller strap |59carried by a stud |60. This stud is preferably adjustably carried withina recess |6| in a frame |62. For this purpose the stud may have screwthreaded engagement with a bolt |63 carried by the frame. Frame |62 issuitably clamped to a rock shaft |64 joumalled on the main frame of themachine and carrying a forked member |65 at about its-mid point. Thisforked member cooperates with a block pivoted on a pin |66 carried by aslide |61 disposed horizontally in a plane just below the bottom of thecontainer |55. A pair of dogs |60 pivoted at |69 `upon the slide isprovided with complemental jaws |10 adapted to be brought together tosubstantially surround a slug and retain the latter, and adapted laterto be spread apart to release the slug. The clamping and releasingmovements of the jaws are automatically brought about by the provisionof a frictional drag in the following manner: A slide |1| is providedwith extensions |12 fitting into sockets formed in the dogs |66.Friction members |13 engage the upper and lower surfaces of the slide|1| and the parts are preferably forced together by means of a spring|14 whose tension may be suitably adiusted. It is apparent that as theslide |61 is shifted from the top of Figure 5 toward the bottom, thefrictional drag produced by the slide |1| will cause the dogs |66 torock upon their pivots |69 until the jaws |10 grip the slug which isdropped from the bottom of the container |55. As the slide |61 continuesto shift, it will then carry the slug from the position beneath thecontainer to a position directly above the opening in the die, and itwill also act to hold the remaining slugs in holder |55. Now, upon thereturn movekmerit of the slide |61 the frictional drag will again beeffective but this time in the opposite direction to open the jaws. Thiswill permit the slug to drop into the opening in the die while the dogswill be returned to their initial position ready to receive the nextslug.

In order to prevent sticking of the slugs in the container |55, andtoinsure a quick delivery of a new slug into the space between the jaws|10 as they reach their initial position special means is provided. Thiscomprises a finger |15 adapted to reciprocate vertically in thecontainer. 'Ihis finger is carried by one arm of a lever |16 pivoted at|11, and having its other arm connected by a rod |16 with an arm |19extending from the shaft |64. A spring |90 surrounding the rod |18 isheldl under compression between a shoulder pivotally associated with thearm |-19 and the under surface of the level' |16. As the shaft 64 isrocked to shift the slide |61 toward the right (Figure 4), the nger |15will be elevated to permit another slug to be fed from the chute |54into the container |55. As the shaft |64 is rocked in the oppositedirection, however, to return the slide |61 and jaws |10 to the positionto receive another slug, the finger |15 will be depressed under theforce of the spring |80 and will accordingly quickly force the lowcrmostslug from the container as the opening in the jaws is brought beneaththe container; f

Summary of operation the movement of the punch head and thus determinethe extent to which the punch enters the die. Handwheel 66 may besimilarly turned to adjust the upper and lower limits of throw of theknock-out rod 56 and to position the shoulder at the top of sleeve 51according to the vlength of the neck desired at the end of the tube.Various other adjustments may be made if necessary.

The machine may now be set into operation. Power will be transmitted tothe pulley |2 and will cause the shaft to be rotated by directconnection and the shaft I6 to be rotated through the gearing I4, I5. Ifno slugs were previously in position to be fed the tlrst operationor twowill simply be idle insofar as extrusion is concerned.

The slide |25, however, will'be reciprocated in Necessary adjustment thetop of the slide, will be carried into the position of Figure 8 anddischarged into the passage or chute |54. If desired the slide may bereciprocated once upon each cycle of operation of the punch, although itwill normally be found to keep the chute |54 well supplied by a fewernumber of operations than are given to the punch. On each cycle ofoperation of the shaft I6 the slide |61 (Figures 1, 4 and 5) will bereciprocated, by means of the eccentric |56 and connections to the rockshaft |64, so that a slug will be'carried from beneath the container tothe center of the die and will be deposited in the latter.

Upon eachrotation of the shaft I6 the head will be reciprocated in itsvertical guides by means of the eccentric portion I1 of the shaft andthe toggle formed by the members 20 and 24. During the initial downwardmovement of the head the punch holder 28 will be rocked from theposition shown in Figure 4 to a strictly vertical position. Thismovement, asl shown in Figure 18, occupies approximately 95 of therotation of shaft I6. During the next 19 of rotation of this shaft thepunch moves down into engagement with the slug, as shown in Figure 12.

Extrusion now begins to take place and is continued for the next 66 ofthe cycle. As the punch enters further into the die, at this stage ofthe operation, the knockout pin 54.is permitted to recedeyieldingly withthe punch, against the action of spring 15, until the shoulder 18 on therod 55 engages the upper end of the sleeve 51. This recession of theknockout pin is controlled by the pair of cams 13 and 14 and theconnections therefrom, including arms 69 and 10, rod 66, lever 62 andknockout rod 58. 'Ihe cam 13 is cut away over an arc of from 45 to inthe particular layout illustrated, so as to permit the spring 15 aloneto yieldingly resist the downward movement of the punch. The

ycams 13 and 14, it will be understood, are not fully complemental. Cam13 is only slightly cut away over the sector indicated so that shouldthe spring fail for any reason, the cam would then positively control agradual recession of the pin. By the yielding recession of the pin 54 inthis way the puncturing of the end of the tube is prevented.

Upon completion of the extrusion, the punch is in the position shown inFigure 14 and the crank portion I1 of the shaft I6 passes through thebottom of its travel. As' the punch now starts to rise the point ofthevalve 96 will stick in the die and will hold the tube so that a slightslippage will take place between the tube and the body of the punch.This will serve to open the valve 96 and, also, loosen the tube on thepunch and provide a slight gap between the end of the valve and theclosed end of the tube. By this time the slight clearance between therods 56 and 58 will have been taken up and the knockout pin 54 will thenfollow the upward movement of `the punch, thus forcing the tube out ofthe die.

It will be understood that the cam 14 will bey provided with a recedingsurface, for this purpose, while the cam 13 is provided with a rise toassist the spring 15 with a positive action. This operation' occupiesapproximately the first 66 of the upward movement of crank |1 in theparticular machine illustrated. The punch then continues to rise toclear the die during about the next 19 of the cycle. At this time collar45 will be brought against the bracket 42 so that further upwardmovement of rod 40 is prevented. Upon the continued upward movement ofthe head 26 the punch holder will then be rocked back to the initial,angled position of Figure 4, this movement occupying about of the cycle.As the head 20 approaches its upper limit, the bar |04 will engage thestern |02 of the valve 0| (Figure 2) to admit gas into the punch holderand punch. Valve 96 will still be open at this time and hence the gaswill blow the tube from the punch. The discharge of gas continues forabout 25 of the cycle on each sideof the upper dead center of theeccentric. As'the tube is blown from the punch it is forced against thepadded arm |05 but this, at the time it is struck, will be receding byvirtue of the fact that the bar |04 on head 26 will be moving down onits next cycle and will withdraw its support from the rod |09. The forceof the blow will in this Way be materially lessened.

The extruded tube will be deposited on the conveyor ||3 and carried tothe next stage in the production of the finished article. It will beunderstood that the same cycle will be repeated over and over again, solong as the machine remains in operation, v

While an illustrative machine, embodying the Various features of theinvention, has been disclosed in considerable detail, it will beunderstood that numerous changes may be made in the 7 construction andinter-relation of the various parts without departing from the generalprinciples and scope of the invention as defined by the claims. It willbe understood that the particular timing of the various operationsindicated in Figure 18 relates to the specic machine illustratedassuming a definite extrusion stroke. 'Ihe ti'ming will vary slightly asthe'extrusion stroke, or length of tube to be extruded, or other factorsaiecting the operation of the machine are varied. If desired, the rod 40and related mechanism may be duplicated at the opposite side of themachine to balance the mechanism.

What is claimed is,

1. In an extrusion press an operating shaft, a die holder, areciprocating head, a punch carried by' said head, connections from saidoperating shaft to said head for reciprocating the same, and means forrocking the punch into and out of die registering position by changingthe angle of its axis upon reciprocation of the head.

2. In an extrusion press an operating shaft, a die holder, areciprocatinghead, a punch pivotally mounted upon said head, and meansfor rocking said punch upon its pivot into and out of die registeringposition by changing the angle of its axis and for reciprocating thehead to carry said punch into and out of the die.

3. In an extrusion press an operating shaft, a die'holder, areciprocating head, a punch pivotally mounted upon said head aboutan/axis at 4. In an extrusion press an operating' shaft, 'a l dieholder, a die having a shiftable bottom in said holder, a reciprocatinghead,a punch pivotally mounted upon said head, means for rockingsaidpunch upon its pivot into and out of die registering position andfor reciprocating the head to carry said punch into and out of the die,cam controlled means for shifting the bottom of said die in synchronismwith the movement of the punch into and out of the same to provide aconstant' punch, means for moving the punch into the die Y to extrude atubular member, means for forcing said member oi of the punch, a targetagainst which said member is thrown. when forced from the punch, andmeans for sluiting said target in synchronism with and in the directionof the movement of said member as it is thrown.

6. A method of extruding tubes with imperiorate ends which comprisesforcing a punch against a blank in a die to form an extruded member,partly withdrawing the punch independently of the extruded member for asufficient distance to loosen the grip of the member on the punch, thencausng a portion ofthe bottom of the die to follow the punch, andsubsequently blowing a gaseous medium through the punch to remove theextruded member.

7. A method of extruding tubes with imperio- `rate ends which comprisesforcing a punch against a blank in a die, partly withdrawing the punchwhile the extruded member is held in the die. then causing the punch andmember to move in unison, and subsequently blowing the member from thepunch.

8. In an extrusion press a die holder for re` taining a die, a punchadapted to enter the die, means for reciprocating the punch', means forreciprocating a portion of the bottom of the die during operation of thepunch, and means for varying the upper and lower limits of movement ofthe punch and said portion of the die bottom.

9. In an extrusion press a die holder for retaining, a die, areciprocating head, a punch rockably carried by said head, meansadjacent said head having a limited movement relative to said head and amovement with the head, and connections from said means for rocking saidpunch during ene of said movements.

10. In an extrusion press a die holder for retaining a die, areciprocating head,.a punch rockably carried by said head, meansadjacent said head having a limited movement relative to said head and amovement with the head, connections from said means for rocking saidpunch during one of said movements, and means for simultanecusly varyingthe ranges of said movements.

11. In an extrusion press a frame member, a reciprocating head, a punchpivotally carried by said head, a toggle between said frame and head,means for straightening and breaking said toggie to reciprocate saidhead, and means on said head for rocking said punch during a portion cfthe reciprocation of said head.

12. In an extrusion press a die having a por` tion of its bottom adaptedto reciprocate, movable means for shifting said portion, a stop forlimiting movement of said portion in one direction,.

and means for simultaneously adjusting said stop and varying the limitso i movement of said determining the position of said portion, and asingle means for controlling said last mentioned meansto vary the upperand lower limits of movement of said portion.

14. In a device of the class described main and auxiliary hoppers forretaining discs to be fed, the auxiliary hopper being arranged toreceive discs by gravity from thelmain hopper, a slide adapted to bereciprocated adjacent a wall of the auxiliary hopper, said slide beingcarried from a point below the bottom of said hopper to a point adjacentits top, the slide retaining a variable number of discs verticallydisposed upon each reciprocation, means for receiving the retained discsfrom said slide as it reaches the upper limit of its travel and meanscooperating with said slide foi` removing a second tier of discs fromsaid slide.

15. In a device of the class described a hopper for retaining articlesto be fed, means for re'- taining a limited number of said articles in asingle column, means for feeding said articles from said hopper to sadretaining means, a reciprocatory slide beneath said retaining means,means including a reciprocatory plunger for supplying a single articleat a time from said retaining means to said slide. a main operatingmechanism, connections from said mechanism for reciprocating said slideto advance each article to a position to be acted upon, and a deviceoperated by said connections for operating said plunger.

16. In a device of the class described a hopper for retaining articlesto be fed, means for retaining a limited number of said articles in asingle column, means for feeding said articles from said hopper to saidretaining means, a reciprocatory slide beneath said retaining means,means `for supplying a single article at a time from said retainingmeans to said slide, means for reciprocating said slide to advance eacharticle to a position to be acted upon, said slide having jaws adaptedto grasp the article and release it and friction means for opening andclosing said jaws automatically upon movement of the slide in op- L saidslide to carry its upper surface from a point below the bottom of saidauxiliary hopper to a point adjacent its top, the bottom of said hopperbeing joined by a rounded surface with the wall of a recess in whichsaid slide is reciprocated, said slide retaining a variable number oiarticles upon successive reciprocations and discharging them from thehopper.

18. In an extrusion press an operating shaft, a

reciprocatory head, a punch mounted upon said head, means operated bysaid shaft for reciprocating said head and punch, a die holder, a die insaid holder having a recess adapted to receive and hold a disc ofextrudable material in line with the reciprocatory movement of saidpunch, said punchv having a projection of relatively smallcross-sectional area at its free end, said die. having a portion oi' itsbottom in line with said projection shii'table toward and away from saidpunch, cam controlled means for shifting said portion of the bottom ofsaid die, said means aoaasve holding said portion in engagement with thedisc being extruded from the time of contact of said projectiontherewith but causing said portion to recede'ras the punch advances andthereby prevent perforation of the disc in the course o! extrusion.

19. In an extrusion press an operating shaft, a reciprocatory head, apunch mounted upon said head, means operated by said shaft forreciprocating said head and punch, a die holder, a die in said holderhaving a recess adapted to receive and hold a disc of extrudablematerial in line with the reciprocatory movement of said punch. saidpunch having a projection ot relatively small cross-sectional area atits free end, said die having a portion of its bottom in line with saidpro-- jection shiftable toward and away from said,- punch, camcontrolled means for shifting said portion of the bottom of said die,said means holding said portion in engagement with the disc beingextruded from the time of contact of said projection therewith butcausing said portion to recede as the punch advances and thereby preventpertoration of the disc in the course of extrusion, and means forvarying at will the range of movement of said portion of the die bottom.

JOHN H. FRIDEN.

